Rhinitis is a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation and irritation of the nasal mucous membrane. The mucus membranes lining the nasal passages become inflamed congested and edematous. The swollen nasal conchae block the sinus openings and mucus is discharged from the nostrils. Rhino sinusitis is the term used to describe inflammation and congestion […]
Otitis externa is the inflammation of the external auditory canal. Causes of External Otitis Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical management Nursing Management
External Otitis (Otitis Externa) Read More »
Low back pain (LBP) describes pain between the lower edge of the ribs and the buttock. (WHO,2023). It is caused by; Pathophysiology of Back Pain Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Nursing Management Assessment Intervention
Dehydration, also called hypohydration, refers to the loss of water to below optimum levels in the body. When this occurs, the body processes are disrupted and illnesses may start to manifest. Pathophysiology of Dehydration Under normal circumstances, body water is usually lost through the kidneys, skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract, hence it needs to be
Peptic ulcers are open sore(excavation) that develop on the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach and sometimes the duodenum. The erosion may extend deeply into the muscle layers or through the peritoneum. Based on the location of occurrence, it may be classified as either may be esophageal, gastric, or duodenal. Peptic ulcers occur more in the
Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach(gastric) mucosa. The inflammation may be localized or scattered throughout the stomach lining. Classification of Gastritis Acute gastritis. It is mostly transient and self-limiting in nature; lasting for several hours to a few days and its symptoms appear rapidly. It may be referred to as erosive or non-erosive depending
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater) that form protective layers over the brain and the spinal cord. These layers have two main functions: The dura mater is the outermost layer and is located immediately beneath the cranium. The arachnoid is the middle layer of the meninges. Located underneath
Cerumen(earwax) impaction is the excessive accumulation of cerumen in the external ear canal. Ear wax protect the ear from dirt and infections and often does not need to be manually removed. However, in cases of cerumen impaction, removal is necessary. Causes of Cerumen Impaction Causes of cerumen impaction include; Pathophysiology Ear wax are produced by
