Dehydration, also called hypohydration, refers to the loss of water to below optimum levels in the body. When this occurs, the body processes are disrupted and illnesses may start to manifest. Pathophysiology of Dehydration Under normal circumstances, body water is usually lost through the kidneys, skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract, hence it needs to be […]
Peptic ulcers are open sore(excavation) that develop on the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach and sometimes the duodenum. The erosion may extend deeply into the muscle layers or through the peritoneum. Based on the location of occurrence, it may be classified as either may be esophageal, gastric, or duodenal. Peptic ulcers occur more in the
The Nursing Process is described as the deliberate approach to meeting people’s health care and nursing needs. This approach was introduced in 1958 by Ida Jean Orlando, adopting the scientific methods of observing, measuring, gathering data, and analyzing findings. She restructured these methods into 5 steps which include assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
The Nursing Process (ADPIE) Read More »
Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach(gastric) mucosa. The inflammation may be localized or scattered throughout the stomach lining. Classification of Gastritis Acute gastritis. It is mostly transient and self-limiting in nature; lasting for several hours to a few days and its symptoms appear rapidly. It may be referred to as erosive or non-erosive depending
Health history is essential when it comes to nursing care. It involves obtaining subjective data directly from the patient/client or from his or her significant other. Relevant questions are asked by the nurse and responses are delivered by the patient. It is carried out in a sequential manner starting with the demographic data of the
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater) that form protective layers over the brain and the spinal cord. These layers have two main functions: The dura mater is the outermost layer and is located immediately beneath the cranium. The arachnoid is the middle layer of the meninges. Located underneath
In 1987, Marjory Gordon developed the 11 set of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns to be used in the Nursing Process by nurses to ensure that a more comprehensive nursing assessment is done of the patients. In each pattern, nurses ask questions to obtain more details that perhaps the patient may not have provided during the
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: A Nursing Guide Read More »
Cerumen(earwax) impaction is the excessive accumulation of cerumen in the external ear canal. Ear wax protect the ear from dirt and infections and often does not need to be manually removed. However, in cases of cerumen impaction, removal is necessary. Causes of Cerumen Impaction Causes of cerumen impaction include; Pathophysiology Ear wax are produced by
Antifungals, also called antimycotics, are drugs that are used to treat fungal infections. Fungal infections usually attack people with weak immunity. Antifungal drugs include; Pregnancy Category: C They are generally categorized as category C. Animal studies have shown potential risks of antifungals to the fetus. But when they are intravaginally as in cases of nystatin
Macrolides are antibiotics with a macrocyclic lactone structure that has one or more deoxy sugars attached. They include the following drugs; Erythromycin was the first to be used as a drug of first choice and as an alternative to patients allergic to penicillins. Pregnancy Category: B or C They may be acceptable but can be
