Health history is essential when it comes to nursing care. It involves obtaining subjective data directly from the patient/client or from his or her significant other. Relevant questions are asked by the nurse and responses are delivered by the patient. It is carried out in a sequential manner starting with the demographic data of the […]
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater) that form protective layers over the brain and the spinal cord. These layers have two main functions: The dura mater is the outermost layer and is located immediately beneath the cranium. The arachnoid is the middle layer of the meninges. Located underneath
In 1987, Marjory Gordon developed the 11 set of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns to be used in the Nursing Process by nurses to ensure that a more comprehensive nursing assessment is done of the patients. In each pattern, nurses ask questions to obtain more details that perhaps the patient may not have provided during the
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: A Nursing Guide Read More »
Cerumen(earwax) impaction is the excessive accumulation of cerumen in the external ear canal. Ear wax protect the ear from dirt and infections and often does not need to be manually removed. However, in cases of cerumen impaction, removal is necessary. Causes of Cerumen Impaction Causes of cerumen impaction include; Pathophysiology Ear wax are produced by
Antifungals, also called antimycotics, are drugs that are used to treat fungal infections. Fungal infections usually attack people with weak immunity. Antifungal drugs include; Pregnancy Category: C They are generally categorized as category C. Animal studies have shown potential risks of antifungals to the fetus. But when they are intravaginally as in cases of nystatin
Macrolides are antibiotics with a macrocyclic lactone structure that has one or more deoxy sugars attached. They include the following drugs; Erythromycin was the first to be used as a drug of first choice and as an alternative to patients allergic to penicillins. Pregnancy Category: B or C They may be acceptable but can be
Monobactams are beta lactam antibiotics that are bactericidal in action. Currently, the only monobactam available is aztreonam. Pregnancy Category: B Animal studies have not shown any effects on the fetus. Mechanism of Action Aztreonam is bactericidal. It Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing cell death in susceptible gram-negative bacteria. However, it is ineffective against
Fluoroquinolones are antibiotic successors of nalidixic acid. They offer greater efficacy, a broader spectrum of activity, and are safer than their predecessors. They include; Ciprofloxacin Gemifloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Pregnancy Category: C They can be used with caution if the benefits outweigh the risks Mechanism of Action Fluoroquinolones disturb DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative
